Racial, Gender, And Sexual Oriention Micro Aggressions Essay

The three kinds of small scale hostility are racial miniaturized scale animosity, sex smaller scale animosity, and sexual direction miniaturized scale hostility. Racial smaller scale animosity comprises of inconspicuous affront which can be verbal, nonverbal, or visual coordinated towards ethnic minorities, frequently consequently or unwittingly. It is an unpretentious type of bigotry. Racial miniaturized scale hostility can take various structures including: invalidating racial-social issues, making sound system normal presumptions, and social lack of care. They likewise assume a job in injustice in the legitimate framework as they can impact the choices of juries. Sexual orientation smaller scale hostility is identified with acts that sustain cliché sex jobs. A case of this could be a male employee requesting that his male partners assist him with working out a glitch in a bit of gear in his research facility yet not asking his female associates making the idea that a woman’s mechanical inclination is mediocre compared to that of a man’s. These sexual orientation small scale hostilities incorporate cheapening, limiting, disparaging, and belittling remarks about ladies and ladies related exercises. Sexual direction small scale hostility is related with activities that keep up generalizations about gay people. A case of this would be accepting that every single gay male represent ladies with piercing voices and manicured nails and that all lesbians have masculine qualities that mean that they are gay. The elements of miniaturized scale hostility are the powers that will in general produce movement and change in racial, sex, and sexuality episodes. The elements behind smaller scale animosity likewise will in general send messages towards individuals. A case of this could be the point at which a white individual asks an Asian American or Latino American to encourage them words in their local language. This sends the message that they aren’t American and an outsider. Another model would be a white individual expressing that an African American is extremely understandable. The genuine message it sends is that it is bizarre for somebody of shading to be canny. There are four problems that we face during smaller scale hostility. The first is the conflict of racial real factors where white Americans will in general believe that prejudice is on the decrease and that African Americans are improving in life than 30 or 40 years prior. On the converse side, blacks see whites as racially unfeeling. The subsequent situation is the imperceptibility of unexpected articulations of predisposition. This alludes to the issue that much of the time racial inclinations are imperceptible and the transgressor is ignorant of any bad form. The third is the apparent negligible damage of racial miniaturized scale animosities. This passes on the way that when an individual is gone up against with their miniaturized scale forceful acts the culprit for the most part accepts that the casualty has gone overboard or is as a rule excessively touchy. The last predicament is the Catch 22 of reacting to small scale hostilities. The casualty is typically bewildered about how to respond whether it be choosing to sit idle or defying the culprit. Now and then, miniaturized scale hostility can show in guiding. Under Denial of Individual Racism, a typical reaction by Whites to ethnic minorities is that they can comprehend and identify with encounters of prejudice. Under Color Blindness, for instance, a customer of shading stresses the significance of racial encounters just to have the advisor answer, â€Å"We are for the most part remarkable. We are altogether people. † or â€Å"We are on the whole people or the equivalent under the skin. † These visually challenged proclamations, which were proposed to be strong, to be thoughtful, and to pass on a capacity to comprehend, may leave the customer feeling misconstrued, discredited, refuted, and immaterial. In clinical practice, smaller scale hostilities are probably going to go unrecognized by White clinicians who are inadvertently and unknowingly communicating predisposition. Subsequently, advisors must put forth a deliberate attempt to recognize and screen smaller scale hostilities inside the remedial setting. Part 7 †CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE INTERVENTION STRATEGIES The correspondence styles distinguished in this section were verbal and non-verbal. Most specialized pros accept that lone 30 to 40 percent of what is conveyed conversationally is verbal. There are various non-verbal correspondence styles. These are proxemics, kinesics, paralanguage, and high-low setting correspondence. The two ideas introduced in sociopolitical aspects of nonverbal correspondence were 1. Nonverbals as impressions of inclination †this is spoken to in the case of the white ladies strolling down the road past the white, dark, and latino adolescent. When passing the dark and latino young person she naturally gripped her tote and changed it to the opposite side. The ladies who exchanged their handbag were working from generalization, predispositions, and assumptions about what minority youths resemble. 2. Nonverbals as triggers to predispositions and dread †this is spoken to in the distinctions in that which societies impart. Whites regularly see dark people as a â€Å"threat† on account of the manner by which they impart. Blacks are regularly high-key, energized, warmed, and fierce. They additionally accept the dark male to be antagonistic, irate and inclined to brutality. Suggestions for Clinical Practice 1. Perceive that nobody style of advising or treatment will be fitting for all populaces and circumstances. 2. Become learned about how race, culture and sex influence correspondence styles. 3. Become mindful of your own correspondence and helping styles. 4. Attempt to get extra preparing and training on an assortment hypothetical directions and approaches 5. Realize that each school of directing and treatment has qualities yet they may be one dimensional 6. Utilize a methodology in preparing programs that call for transparency and adaptability in conceptualizing the issues and genuine expertise building. It is critical to know this since correspondence styles are unequivocally affected by race, culture, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. These suggestions loan backing to the idea that different racial gatherings display contrasts in correspondence style. Part 8 †MULTICULTURAL FAMILY COUNSELING AND THERAPY There were five segments of the multicultural family guiding and treatment: a reasonable model. 1. Individuals Nature Relationships 2. Time Dimension 3. Social Dimension 4. Movement Dimension 5. Nature of People Dimension Activity Dimension The essential attribute of White U. S. social qualities and convictions is the activity direction. They accept that we should ace and control nature, we should consistently take care of a circumstance, and that we ought to consistently take a practical and utilitarian perspective on life. Advocates anticipate that customers should ace and control their own life and condition and to make a move to determine their issues. It is clear all over and is reflected in how White Americans distinguish themselves by occupation. Native Americans and Latinos/Hispanics incline toward a being or being-in-turning out to be method of movement. The American Indian ideas of self assurance and strategic distance are models. The Latinos/Hispanics accept that individuals are brought into the world with nobility and have the right to be treated with deference. They are brought into the world with natural worth and significance. The internal soul and soul are a higher priority than the body. Both the Asian and African Americans work from the doing direction. Be that as it may, the â€Å"doing† shows uniquely in contrast to in White American way of life. The dynamic measurement in Asians is connected not to singular accomplishment, yet to accomplishment through adjustment to family esteems and requests. African Americans practice impressive control notwithstanding misfortune to limit segregation and to augment achievement. Nature of People Dimension Middle class White Americans by and large see the idea of individuals to be impartial. Ecological issues, for example, molding, family childhood, and socialization are accepted to be the prevailing powers in deciding the idea of the individual. Individuals are neither acceptable nor awful however are a result of their condition. African Americans will in general have a blended idea of individuals, however like their White partners, they accept individuals are commonly impartial. Asian Americans and American Indians will in general underscore the intrinsic decency of individuals. Latinos might be portrayed as holding the view that human instinct is both acceptable and awful. The Key Points for Clinical Practice 1. Realize that our expanding assorted variety presents us with various social ideas of the family. 2. Understand that families can't be seen separated from the social, social, and political elements of their working. 3. When working with a racial/ethnic gathering not quite the same as you, put forth a purposeful and principled attempt learn however much as could be expected about their meaning of family and the qualities alongside it. 4. Be mindful to social family structure and more distant family ties. 5. Don’t prejudge dependent on your own ethnocentric point of view. 6. Understand that most minority bunches see the wifely job as less significant than the protective job. 7. Use the characteristic assistance giving systems and structures that as of now exist in the minority culture in network. 8. Perceive that canning take numerous structures. These structures frequently show up very not the same as our own, however they are no less successful or authentic. Multicultural guiding requires the advisor to adjust our objectives and strategies to fit the necessities of minority populaces. 9. Evaluate the significance of ethnicity to customers and families. 10. Understand that the job of family guide can't be kept to culture bound guidelines. Compelling multicultural guiding may incorporate approving and fortifying ethnic personality expanding ones own mindfulness and utilization of the customer emotionally supportive network, filling in as a culture dealer, and getting mindful of the favorable circumstances and burdens of being from the equivalent or distinctive ethnic foundation as your customer. You shouldn’t feel you have to have a deep understanding of the

Discuss the two objections to the use of fair value measurement Essay

Talk about the two issues with the utilization of reasonable worth estimation alluded to above, and fundamentally look at how far they are substantial - Essay Example The primary protest says that the strategy is, consequently, not useful for monetary announcing while the second says that the technique will be against the partners and investors’ premium. This investigation tries to examine reasonable worth estimation strategy in bookkeeping considering the previously mentioned protests. Before leaving on the study’s reason, it is of embodiment, however, to characterize reasonable incentive as given by IASB. As indicated by IFRS 13, Fair worth is that value that one would get in the event that he/she arranged a benefit or paid to guarantee an obligation’s move in an organized sort of exchange between players in a market at the date of estimation. IFRS 13 is there to expand similarity and consistency in estimations that utilization reasonable worth technique and the revelations that go pair through what is alluded to as ‘fair esteem hierarchy’. This chain of command sorts the data sources that are normally used in t he strategies of valuation into three fundamental levels. This chain of command organizes at the top, the unadjusted/provided cost estimates for indistinguishable liabilities or resources and in dynamic markets. The most reduced need is given to undetectable sort of data sources. The degrees of information sources are clarified as under. Level 1 information sources allude to the provided cost estimates in the dynamic markets for liabilities or resources that are indistinguishable that the element can get at the date of estimation. ... Those researchers who are against this technique contend that reasonable worth strategy presents data that is problematic since it isn't generally founded on exchanges at arm’s length. In this manner, it ought not be utilized with regards to investors’ settling on money related choices. Under its unwavering quality, critics state that it's anything but a dependable estimation technique. A portion of the researchers against this strategy like Cunningham Colleen, the leader of FEI-Financial Executives International, said that the data that is created by this technique can't be of any pertinent use to a speculator. As per Cunningham, it is in reality pointless to a speculator. Pay proclamations are dependent upon control if this strategy is applied in estimations. (Shortridge et al, 2006) Fair qualities are not appropriate in instances of firm’s arbitraging of market costs. It's anything but a proper technique particularly when a firm includes an incentive for inves tors by method of buying at input costs of the market and arranging at yield costs of the market. For this situation, the contention is that the crude materials applied during the time spent assembling don't pick up their incentive from a fluctuation in their leave costs in the market, yet as contributions to forms which add esteems to the current market costs by making an item just as offering the equivalent to purchasers. This is on the grounds that a difference in the incentive for investors isn't generally associated with a fluctuation in the costs of the market. In this way, as a type of stewardship investors ought to be remunerated by the administration through different premise, yet not utilizing market esteems. Likewise proficient costs are dependent on verifiable expenses and, in this manner, honest assessment estimations can't fill in as substitutes under this sort of situation. The

How Physical Exercise Benefits Mental Health

How Physical Exercise Benefits Mental Health Panic Disorder Coping Print How Physical Exercise Benefits Mental Health By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 01, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 10, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living In This Article Table of Contents Expand Exercise and Mental Illness Benefits of Exercise Types of Exercise Before You Begin Starting an Exercise Plan View All While the physical health benefits of exercise are frequently discussed, the psychological benefits are often overlooked. But research shows exercise can be quite beneficial for mental health. Physical activity may help ward off mental health problems before they start. Additionally, research shows exercise can improve the symptoms of many existing mental illnesses.?? Verywell / Brianna GIlmartin How Exercise Impacts Mental Illness Mental health professionals often prescribe exercise as part of the treatment for specific mental illnesses. Exercise can alleviate many of the symptoms of depression, such as fatigue, tension, anger, and reduced vigor. For people with panic disorder, PTSD, and other anxiety-related conditions, exercise can be a proactive way to release pent-up tension and reduce feelings of fear and worry.?? Exercise also decreases sensitivity to the bodys reaction to anxiety, as well as decreases the intensity and frequency of panic attacks in some cases.?? Additionally, a regular exercise program can help ease symptoms of other common co-occurring conditions, such as ?IBS.?? How Exercise Promotes Positive Well-Being Exercise can also be used to enhance well-being in people who already feel mentally healthy. Increased physical activity has been found to enhance mood, improve energy levels, and promote quality sleep. There are several reasons why physical activity can be good for psychological well-being: Exercise decreases stress hormones. Exercise decreases stress hormones like cortisol. It also increases endorphinsâ€"your bodys ‘feel-good’ chemicalsâ€"giving your mood a natural boost.??Physical activity distracts you from negative thoughts and emotions. Physical activity can take your mind off of your problems and either redirect it on the activity at hand or get you into a zen-like state.Exercise promotes confidence. Exercise can help you lose weight, tone your body, and maintain a healthy glow and a smile.?? You may feel a subtle but significant boost in your mood as your clothes look more flattering and you project an aura of increased strength.Exercise can be a good source of social support. The benefits of social support are well-documented and many physical activities can be social activities as well.?? So whether you join an exercise class or you play softball in a league, exercising with others can give you a double-dose of stress relief.Better physical health may mean better mental health. While stress can cause illness, illness can also cause stress. Improving your overall health and longevity with exercise can save you a great deal of stress in the short run (by strengthening your immunity to colds, the flu, and other minor illnesses) and the long run (by helping you stay healthier longer, and enjoy life more because of it).Exercise provides a buffer against stress. Physical activity may be linked to lower physiological reactivity toward stress. Simply put, those who get more exercise may become less affected by the stress they face. So, in addition to all the other benefits, exercise may supply some immunity toward future stress as well as a way to cope with current stress.?? Types of Exercise Fortunately, there are many types of exercise that can improve mental health. From weight lifting to running, its important to find exercises that you enjoy doing. Here are some types of exercise that can be good for mental health: Yoga Yoga can range from gentle to challenging. The most common form of yoga (hatha yoga) involves physical poses (known as asanas), controlled breathing, and periods of meditation. Yoga is a low-risk method for healing the body and mind. Often the positive effects can be felt after just one class. A 2018 study published in Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice found that yoga can help:Decrease physiological arousalLower heart rateLower blood pressureImprove respirationReduce the stress responseReduce depression and anxietyIncrease energy and feelings of well-being Tai Chi Tai Chi is an ancient Chinese martial art that combines meditation and rhythmic breathing in a slow series of graceful body movements and poses (also called forms). Tai Chi has been shown to: Reduce stressLower blood pressureReduce anxietyImprove depressed moodIncrease self-esteem?? Aerobic Exercise There is growing research evidence that regular aerobic exercise (such as running, cycling or swimming) is associated with better psychological health. Although studies have focused on depression, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), theres also some evidence to suggest a positive effect of exercise on social phobia.?? ?? Both single sessions and long-term programs of aerobic exercise have been shown to provide a positive benefit for psychological health.?? Although as little as five to 10 minutes of aerobic exercise can help to improve your mood and reduce your anxiety, regular programs, lasting from 10 to 15 weeks, seem to improve ones overall mental state. Before You Begin If you are just starting out with an exercise program, its important to consult with your doctor to determine the best form of exercise and intensity level for your physical condition. Your medical history, current medications, and diagnosed conditions can all play a role in your ability to exercise. If you suspect you have a mental illness or youre being treated by a mental health professional, ask about how you can incorporate physical activity into your treatment. A qualified mental health professional can make suggestions about the best strategies for treating your specific condition. How to Start an Exercise Plan Once you have obtained your doctor’s approval and recommendations, you will want to decide on an exercise program thats right for you. Do you want to take a class? Could it be helpful to hire a trainer at the gym? Do you prefer to go for a walk on your own time while listening to your favorite music? The key to sticking with a program is to find something that you enjoy doing. When starting a new exercise plan, you may initially feel very motivated. This motivation to exercise can be extremely beneficial in helping you get started on your new exercise plan. A 2017 study published in Maturitas found that between two and six hours of exercise each week is best for optimal mental health. Here are a few tips to start and maintain your exercise plan: Don’t overdo it. Be careful not to push yourself to extremes in the beginning, as this can lead to physical injury. Remember that exercise can be fun and can help improve your mood and anxiety, but it should not be causing physical issues. Take it slow in the beginning and gradually increase your workouts over time.Make a commitment to your exercise plan. From stressed-out executives to frazzled stay-at-home moms, everyone is busy. Putting time aside to exercise means that you have made your health and well-being a top priority. It can take time before you notice improvements in your panic symptoms. For the best results, stay patient and consistent with your exercise program.Know that your motivation may change at different stages of your exercise plan. It is not uncommon for your initial enthusiasm to fade over time. It can help to change your routine a little or find new exercise options altogether. For example, if youre getting bored with the treadmill at the local gym, try walk ing locally or joining a hiking group. These alternative options can also have the added benefit of helping you socialize while you exercise.Keep experimenting. Experiment with different strategies to find what works best for you. If you struggle to stick with exercise first thing in the morning, try exercising in the afternoon. Or, if you discover that you dread hitting the gym, try exercising outside. Keep experimenting until you find something that you are likely to stick to. 17 Highly Effective Stress Relievers

Franz von Hipper in World War I

The Extent of Fidel Castros Achievement of His Aims...

To what extent was Fidel Castro able to achieve his aims between 1959 and 1979, and what prevented him from achieving more? During Fulgencio Batista’s reign in Cuba, Fidel Castro had insistently professed his dissatisfaction with the government, and when he finally took over in 1959, he effected a government that formed the basis from which the criticism of many historians today derives. To a minimal extent, Fidel Castro was able to achieve his aims between 1959 and 1979. Revealed in the 26th of July Movement’s doctrine, Castro’s goals called for Cuba to become fully independent and purely democratic while having a just society. Castro’s goals were hindered not only by the dependence on the U.S., but also on the Soviet Union after†¦show more content†¦During these early 1960 years, Cuba quickly lost nearly all economic dependence on the U.S., but any progress toward self-sufficiency was undermined by the developing relationship with the Soviet Uni on. Unlike the U.S., the Soviet Union was not hostile to the idea of an independent Cuba and was willing to defend Cuban interest. In reality, Castro might have professed his devotion to socialism in his Marxist-Leninist speech only for the benefit of siding with the world’s socialist superpowers for military and economic support. Castro’s favoring paid off because the Soviet Union placed nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962; however, this caused U.S.-Soviet tensions to peak when the U.S. made the threat of invading Cuba. Castro also attempted to establish Cuba’s independence by making the change to a Communist state, which began distinguished officially in 1965. Although the changes were small in the early 1960s, it was not until 1976 that Cuba created a new constitution. Another aspect proving Cuban independence was the buildup of a strong military force from foreign intervention and internal opposition. Castro suspected the U.S. of military action because of thei r discontent with his socialist policies. Nearing the end of the first decade of his reign, Castro revealed that Cuba did not meet the 10 million ton harvest, but welcomed the shame and criticism that the failure would bring about. Throughout the years of Castro’s reign, he strived to assert Cuba as anShow MoreRelatedPaper Exam 2 History Ib9416 Words   |  38 Pagesexaggerated.† With reference to two civil wars, each chosen from a different region, to what extent do you agree with this statement? A structured thematic answer is probably the best approach – dealing firstly with the nature/extent of intervention by specific participants and then dealing with other factors which might be considered relevant in explaining victory. â€Å"Outside intervention† – its nature and extent in two different civil wars need to be clearly identified. The motives for intervention areRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesArticulating a Vision of Abundance 553 Generating Commitment to the Vision 557 Institutionalizing the Positive Change 562 SKILL ANALYSIS 568 Cases Involving Leading Positive Change 568 Corporate Vision Statements 568 Lee Iacocca’s Transformation of Chrysler—1979–1984 SKILL PRACTICE 581 Exercises in Leading Positive Change 581 Reflected Best-Self Portrait 581 Positive Organizational Diagnosis Exercise 582 A Positive Change Agenda 583 SKILL APPLICATION 584 Activities for Leading Positive Change 584 SuggestedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestechnologies, state-sponsored programs to achieve autarky, a global epidemic of ethnic strife, uncontrolled urban growth, and the dissolution of extended family ties in many societies divided nations and communities and isolated individuals to an extent unparalleled in recorded human history. For teachers, in particular, the challenge of weaving together in meaningful ways the seemingly disparate strands of global history in the twentieth century has often led to its neglect. The fact that the

Cost Sheet Free Essays

We take this opportunity to thank Prof Jayesh Jain for giving us an insight , his valuable advice , timely suggestions and constant support throughout the project. We would also like to thank Mr. Raj Raut who is into the ice-cream business for the valuable information that he shared with us ,which proved to be very helpful while preparing the project ABSTRACT This project report is prepared to study the cost analysis of Amul ice cream and to formulate the cost sheet to find the per unit cost of a single Amul ice cream cup of 100 gm(fruit and nut). We will write a custom essay sample on Cost Sheet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our colleagues uncle also helped us in finding the various cost involved in manufacturing ice cream and we also got information from www. amulicecream. in.OVERVIEW OF ICE-CREAM INDUSTRY History:- The ice cream industry is mainly governed by the prevention of food and adulteration act (PFA)-1954 in India. The ice cream market growth picked up after de-reservation of the sector in 1997. History of Indian ice-cream industry is very old started in un-organized sector and mainly the popular product was kulfi. New technologies and freezers are the main force behind the development. Future is bright for ice-cream industry in India. Production –area:- In rural areas, kulfis / ice creams made by small / cottage industry are popular. The market for organized sector is restricted to large metropolitan cities.In small towns and villages, there are thousands of small players who produce ice- creams / kulfis in their home backyard and cater to the local market. Almost 40% of the ice creams sold in the country are consumed in the western region with Mumbai being the main market, followed by 30% in the north and 20% in the south. Industry Snapshot:- †¢ Market Size – 1200 Crores †¢ Ice Cream market is growing at 26% (yoy) Major players:- 1. Amul – Market Leader with share of 36% 2. HLL – Kwality Walls – 2nd biggest player 3. Mother Diary 4. Arun – Chennai Based Hatsun Agro Product Few Brands/ Target Consumers 1. Youth Centric – Chillz 2. Kids – Moo 3. Teenagers – Cornetto 4. Health Conscious – Amul Sugarfree Pro-Life Future of Ice Cream Market in India:-Ice Cream market will expand with increase in number of malls. Also companies like – HLL has been increasing their ice cream outlets – Swirl. Few years ago consumers use to go out for walk after dinner and use to buy ice creams from hawkers. But now consumer who often visit malls for entertainment prefers to buy ice creams during different times of the day as it is visible upfront and feel like spending Rs. 50 for that tasty chocolate swirl with cake and nuts. As marketers are understanding the different needs of consumers, be it health conscious people- (Amul sugar free and pro-life ice-cream) , kids, youngsters, etc, and are coming up with products specific for them. with portfolio of flavors, consumer today has plethora of options at hand to choose from and therefore high probability of buying one more scoop of ice cream. Also with increasing wallet size and innovative modern retail formats, it has definitely given a Philip to the ice cream industry in India. About the company Amul [pic] Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation:- Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) is India’s largest food products marketing organization. It is a state level apex body of milk cooperatives in Gujarat which aims to provide remunerative returns to the farmers and also serve the interest of consumers by providing quality products which are good value for money. Some statistics about the company:- The Turnover of Amul was Rs. 52. 55 billion in 2007-08. Members: |13 district cooperative milk producers’ Union | | |2. 7 million | |No. of Producer Members: | | |No. of Village Societies: |13,141 | |Total Milk handling capacity: |10. 21 million liters per day | |Milk collection (Total – 2007-08): |2. 69 billion liters | |Milk collection (Daily Average 2007-08): |7. million liters | |Milk Drying Capacity: |626 Mts. per day | |Cattle feed manufacturing Capacity: |3090 Mts per day | AMUL –the brand:- Amul -the age old brand brand belongs to (GCMMF). AMUL means â€Å"priceless† in Sanskrit. The brand name â€Å"Amul,† comes from the Sanskrit word â€Å"Amoolya,† and was suggested by a quality control expert in Anand. Today Amul is a symbol of many things. Of high-quality products sold at reasonable prices. Of the genesis of a vast co-operative network.Of the triumph of indigenous technology. Of the marketing savvy of a farmers’ organization. And of a proven model for dairy development. Various products under the brand name Amul :- Amul products have been in use in millions of homes since 1946. †¢ Amul Butter, †¢ Amul Milk Powder, †¢ Amul Ghee, †¢ Amul Cheese, †¢ Amul Chocolates, †¢ Amul Shrikhand, †¢ Amul Ice creams, †¢ Nutramul, Amul Milk and †¢ Amulya have made Amul a leading food brand in India. Some facts about the Amul ice cream:- †¢ Amul Ice Cream was launched on 10th March, 1996 in Gujarat. †¢ The portfolio consisted of impulse products like sticks, cones, cups as well as take home packs and institutional/catering packs. In 1997, Amul ice creams entered Mumbai followed by Chennai in 1998 and Kolkata and Delhi in 2002. Nationally it was rolled out across the country in 1999. †¢ Has combated competition like Walls, Mother Dairy and achieved the No 1 position in the country. This position was achieved in 2001 and it has continued to remain at the top.†¢ Today the market share of Amul ice cream is 38% share against the 9% market share of HLL, thus making it 4 times larger than its closest competitor. †¢ Amul’s entry into ice creams is regarded as successful due to the large market share it was able to capture within a short period of time – due to price differential, quality of products and of course the brand name. Ice cream range:- Royal Treat Range – (Butterscotch, Rajbhog, Malai Kulfi †¢ Nut-o-Mania Range (Kaju Draksh, Kesar Pista Royale, Fruit Bonanza, Roasted Almond) †¢ Royal Treat Range – (Butterscotch, Rajbhog, Malai Kulfi) †¢ Nut-o-Mania Range – (Kaju Draksh, Kesar Pista Royale, Fruit Bonanza, Roasted Almond) †¢ Nature’s Treat – (Alphanso Mango, Fresh Litchi, Shahi Anjir, Fresh Strawberry, Black Currant, Santra Mantra, Fresh Pineapple) †¢ Sundae Range- (Mango, Black Currant, Sundae Magic, Double Sundae) †¢ Assorted Treat – (Choco bar, Dollies, Frostik, Ice Candies, Tricone, Choco crunch, Megabite, Cassatta) †¢ Utterly Delicious – (Vanilla, Strawberry, Chocolate, Chocochips, Cake Magic) ost sheet analysis Direct Cost : | Direct materials | | | |To manufacture one ice cream cup below are the components or raw materials required with their unit cost : | Dry Fruits – 3 % Milk – 70% Flavours – 5 % Other ingredients – 4 % Sugar – 16 % Cup – 2 % 1) Direct Labour : There are 17 workers employed in the production of the ice cream and each worker is paid Rs 2000 per month . 2) Direct Costs or expenses :The direct cost includes costs incurred in bringing the raw materials into the factory ie. Carriage inward. The raw materials are purchased every month and costs involved for carriage are Rs 1840. Indirect Costs: 1) Factory Overheads: The Factory Overheads includes the indirect labour, factory rent, insurance and depreciation on machinery, power, factory supervisor’s salary ,packing material, ware house expenses and other factory expenses. †¢ Indirect labour : This includes 3 sweepers whose average salaries are Rs. 1000 each. †¢ Insurance: The total insurance amount is Rs 15000. †¢ Break up of the total insurance amount for Machinery – 1200000 Land – 500000(1000 sq. ft. * Rs. 500 per sq. ft. ) †¢ Depreciation on machinery : There are 6 machines in the factory ,one machine is used for making ice creams which is Boiler and other are Refrigerators . The cost of Boiler is Rs 300000 and Refrigerators are worth of Rs. 900000. The depreciation method followed is SLM @ 7%. †¢ Power Fuel: The monthly average cost of power consumption of the factory is Rs 42375. †¢ Supervisor’s salary : The factory has 2 supervisors and salary of each supervisor is Rs 2500. †¢ Cost of maintenance : oiling and cleaning of machinery and other miscellaneous expences for maintainance. 2) Office and administration overheads:-Office and administration overheads include office rent, salary to staff, office and general expenses, printing and stationary, telephone expenses, electricity and lightings †¢ Office rent: The per sq. ft rate of the Office is Rs 18. The area of the factory is 300 sq. ft. †¢ Salary to staff : the office staff has three employees. A peon, clerk and an Accountant and the salaries are Rs 800, Rs 2200 and Rs 4000 respectively. †¢ Office and general expenses: This comprise refreshments(tea and snacks). †¢ Telephone Expenses:- Calls made by the staff members. †¢ Electricity and lightings:- It consists of office lighting and air conditioning expenses. 3) Sales and distribution overheads:- Sales Commission : As a part of encouragement for sales people ,they are given commission of 2. 5 % of the total sales done by them. †¢ Discount allowed : To attract retailer to buy the product they are offered a discount of 5% on the selling price. †¢ Salary of salesmen : The company has 5 sales persons and they are paid a salary of Rs 3500 each per month. †¢ Carriage outward: To carry the finished goods to the whole sellers , the transportations charge per unit/product is set as Re 1. 24. Assumptions : †¢ The company produces only one product †¢ All raw materials consumed in production of ice cream †¢ The production and sales units are same. †¢ In Valuation of plant, the rate per square feet has been assumed at Rs. 00. †¢ We gave a discount to retailer on 450000 units on bulk purchase. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS: The amul ice-creams brand is one of the the top 3 brands . As it’s an Indian brand its popular as a family brand. Its available in all metropolitan cities and is in the reach of middleclass above middleclass . Its available in many flavours and most of these are Indian flavours –liked by Indians. They are available in various sizes. They are available in reasonable prices. They have launched brands such as sugar free probiotic ice-creams. There are many premium varieties. It’s got good food energy value i. e calories per 100ml-196. 7. WEAKNESS:The durability of amul ice-creams is not really good, it melts very soon. It does not have many outlet centers. Not a famous brand among youngsters who are the main customers of ice-cream. OPPORTUNITIES: They can come up with new flavours which would be able to attract the youth .They should not restrict themselves to departmental stores infact come with new luxury brands which can be available in hotels and they should come up with their own ice-cream parlours. They should focus more on their advertising and marketing strategies. They should use a strategy similar to what they used in case of butter (Utly butterly girl ). They should come up with offers for purchase of ice-cream in whole market .Offers should run all throughout the year; not only in winters. There should emphasis for special occasions. THREATS : The biggest threat for amul ice-cream industry would be its competitors. Its ranked 3rd in the Indian market . It faces tough competition from the unorganized sector as well. A slight change in the price of the ice-cream would shift its customers to another brand. Foreign players like Baskin- Robbins entering Indian market with new premium brands at feasible prices. [pic] Bibliography www. amulicecream. in www. google. co. in Annual report of Amul Cost accounting and financial management-Ravi kishore –edition 5 ———————– THREATS OPPORTUNITIES WEAKNESS STRENGTHS How to cite Cost Sheet, Papers

The Relationship Between Divisive Primaries And General Election Outco

The Relationship Between Divisive Primaries And General Election Outcomes Patrick Kenney and Tom Rices article explores the effect of primary elections on the general presidential elections. Kenney and Rice attempt to determine whether supporters of losing primary candidates refrain from voting for their party in the general election. In order to better understand this concept of divisive primaries, it is imperative to know its definition. Webster defines divisive as: Creating, or tending to create, division, separation, or difference. However, I feel that divisiveness arises out of the need to superior and The topic of voter turnout and primary significance has been a long running question. According to Kenney and Rice the primary campaign is a struggle between groups, fighting for a scarce resource, the nomination. As research has shown, supporters of a losing candidate have been shown to retain bitterness towards the winning side of a primary. Our authors also mention the introduction of in-group loyalties, and out-group hostilities, which affect a voters attitude. The in-group loyalties tend to be formed because of the length of primary elections, thus voters feel very strong and passionate about their candidate, and because the stakes are greater. The out-group hostilities are formed for the same reasons. In general, the longer the campaigns the stronger the in-group and out-group feelings are. With the definition of divisive primaries being known, we can now determine whether they are beneficial, or not beneficial to the general presidential elections. Kenney and Rice analyze the effect of divisive primaries on the Democratic general election vote. They have broken down the impact of the primaries into five factors, which contribute to the end result of the general election. First, the traditional patterns of a state need to be considered. Second, control is necessary to tap the influence of minor-party movements on the Democratic percentage of the vote. Third, the status of the incumbent must also be controlled. Fourth, a control variable is needed to account for the unique politics of the South, since they have traditionally be strictly Democratic. Finally, a control may be useful to assess gradual shifts in the normal Democratic vote. Typically, primaries are very effective tools for making the potential candidates and eventually making them the clear favorites to represent their party in the general election. In this years primary elections, George W. Bush had a difficult primary season. He was competing against John McCain and some other candidate who ran very good campaigns and gave Bush some difficulties in the large primaries. In the end Bush ran the best campaign and won his parties nomination for the general election and is a stronger candidate for his stiff competition. Al Gore, as the Vice President, really was the clear-cut nominee for the Democratic Party all through the primaries, despite having competition; he was never really challenged in the primaries. Due to the lack of competition I feel that Gore may be weaker in some facets of candidacy. Without having to really debate at a serious level I feel that Gore may have lost the opportunity to gain some valuable experience. In the end, primaries have done a wonderful job of bringing the best candidates to the top and earning their parties nomination for the Presidential election. This process is strengthened by divisiveness, which stimulates competition, and brings important information to the forefront. Economics