How Theories of Development Influenc Current Practice...

CYP Core unit 3.1 Assessment Criteria 2.3: Theories and Theorists Please write down three key points for each theorist and give an example of how it is put into practice in your setting. SKINNER – Operant Conditioning 1. Skinners theory is based on the idea that learning is a function of change in overt behaviour. 2. Changes in behaviuor are the result of an individuals response to events that occur in the environment. 3. Reinforcement is the key to Skinners theory. A reinforcer is anything that strengthens the desired response Example in Setting: All the children have targets for when they are writing, it might be to use capital letters and finger spaces, when they achieve their target the get to colour in a picture and once†¦show more content†¦VYGOTSKY – Social Development Theory 1. Children learn in stages and need to develop naturally. 2. Social interaction plays a fundamental role in cognitive development. 3. He saw children as apprentices learning and gaining understanding from others. Example in Setting: children learn the word sounds or phonemes and practice these, then they can put them together to make words. Bruner – Modes of Thinking 1. believed that a childs social environment and the way they interact with others was very important in their learning. 2. saw that as a child develops they use different ways of representing the things around them. 3. a child starts by using its body to express themselves, then they draw pictures and finally they use words to describe things and express themselves. Example in Setting: Children start drawing simple pictures but as their vocabulary and knowledge increases they can draw more complex pictures and label them accordingly. MASLOW – Hierarchy of Needs 1. Was a humanist who stated that human motivation is based on people seeking fulfilment and change through personal growth. 2. Believed that the lower level of needs has to be mastered before the others can be achieved. 3. Everyone can reach the top level of needs, but many can not get there due to life experiences Example in Setting: Children need to know the sounds of the letters before they can put them together to make words, once they know the sounds they can put them togetherShow MoreRelated Designing Agile Organisations Essay3297 Words   |  14 Pagesorganisation as a set of individual autonomous co-operating agents so that agenthood of the entire enterprise becomes an emergent property of the organisation. Important questions include: under what condition can agenthood emerge? how to create such an organisation?, and how to guarantee that change preserves agenthood?. Introduction It is increasingly important to devise faster and more reliable ways of designing purposeful, agile organisations (Bernus et al, 1997). We use the definition of theRead MoreAnalyzing Netflix7929 Words   |  32 Pagesportfolio and key figures. In the targeting and positioning part, a possible way of a strategic corporate management is developed, by references on the analysis of Porter’s three generic strategies, Ansoff and Mintzberg. For the final conclusion the current strategy will be investigated and opportunities are shown. Netflix has still some unexploited possibilities to maximize the profit and demonstrate also their market leadership outside the US. Video on demand changes the rules of the game. Instead

Analysis Of The Book Mammoth Like Trucks - 1441 Words

Mammoth-like trucks are followed by miniature cars as they constantly rumble and squeal, spraying detritus into the air. The sidewalks are enveloped in a dust cloud as crowds of people in long overcoats bustle through the street, jostling after another. Pubs and restaurants are scattered along the sides of the concrete pavement while the merry conversations of the people inside are drowned out by the quakes of the people who pass by. A small cafà © sits at the side of the road, housing a single person while the sounds of the entire city pour in through every open crack and window. However, to that one person, the only sounds that matter are the scribbles and scratches of a pen. She is completely absorbed in her work, hunching over it†¦show more content†¦In the book Outliers, sociologist Annette Lareau states that concerted cultivation is a middle class â€Å"parenting style† that attempts to actively â€Å"foster and assess a child’s talents, opinions and skills,† granting the child earlier advantages such as self esteem and additional education (Gladwell 104). In Rowling’s early childhood, she was often encouraged by those around her to write when she first showed an affinity towards writing. Both of Rowling’s parents were very fond of reading, and Rowling remembers that her childhood house was full of books, giving Rowling endless books to read (JK Rowling Biography. , Bibliography). Her grandmother often praised her writing and gave her an autobiography of a female writer by the name of Jessica Mitford, inspiring Rowling to become a writer as well (â€Å"People’s World.†). By having parents who were fond of reading and an environment that gave her unlimited access to books, Rowling was exposed to what would later become her passion early on. Like her parents, Rowling learned to love reading, and her grandmother even encouraged her, pushing Rowling on the path of becoming a writer. As Rowling grew older, she would create stories specifically tailored for each of her friends during lunchtime, all centered around heroic deeds. Her friends were delighted to hear themselves placed into one of Rowling’s stories, and Rowling would constantly think of new and exciting tales in order to please them (J. K. Rowling Biography. -

Hungergames Free Essays

Katniss Everdeen volunteering in Prim’s place as tribute and deciding to fight against the injustice of the Games Katniss enters slowly, stunned, and then as the realisation of the words set in, she races towards the front of the stage to face the panel. And the girl tribute for District 12 is †¦ Primrose Everdeen! Not Prim! Not my little duck! There must be some mistake! This can’t be happening! Stop! I volunteer! I volunteer as tribute in her place! I am Katniss and I wish to be Tribute for District 12. Don’t take Primrose! Katniss takes a minute to compose herself before continuing. We will write a custom essay sample on Hungergames or any similar topic only for you Order Now I promise I will do whatever I can to bring victory to this District and that I will be a true and brave Tribute if you allow me to stand in for Primrose. Moving towards the fence line where her friend Gale is standing. Gale– come and get her and take her away from here. Please – watch over my Mother and my sister – make sure they are safe and fed. I have to go! Turning on her heel, Katniss moves back to centre stage where she sees the crowd standing silently, with their three middle fingers on their left hand held to their lips. Is this really true? I see you and I understand the message you are sending me with your fingers touching your lips and then held out to me. This is our District sign – this is the sign that mearns thanks and admiration. I will try my hardest to be true to our District and to undermine this cruel and humiliating festival that is the Hunger Games. Katniss’ movements start to waver as the seriousness of what she has done starts to really sink in. She is moved to a room in the court house behind the stage. This room is where I finally await my fate and the reality of it is hitting me hard. The injustice of this reaping makes me physically ill. I want to throw up so bad! This room once seemed so big but now its walls are crushing me and closing in on me. I fear for my safety but I know I have made the right decision to stand in for Primrose. I feel so sad. Sad for my sister – tiny, sweet, delicate Prim – my â€Å"little duck†. I could never let her have to confront the degradation or torment of weeks of competition – she would not last a second. The other tributes would see her as a frightened deer – easy prey – and crush her like a bug. Pacing up and down and stopping every now and again to face the audience and look at them with conviction. Me on the other hand? At least I can hunt and I am pretty good with a bow. I am a sthronger person much more capable of looking after myself and using my wits to protect me than Prim will ever be. She is a baby! It astounds me how the Capitol can continue to hold these barbaric games. They have already taken our livelihoods and our freedom – what good could possibly come of the senseless slaughter of innocent children apart from the punishment for an uprising that happened so long ago, it is not in my memory. Why must the children be put to death? Moves to centre stage and sits The anguish I am feeling is rising up in my chest, threatening to flood over me and cause more misery and hopelessness than I am already experiencing. But I am sthronger than that! Stands again and moves stage left I will overcome this sense of utter desolation and take on the challenge of sticking to the Capitol in any way I can. Being led into this room reminds me of what prison must be like for those who betray the Capitol and it hardens my resolve. I am determined more than ever to fight for my freedom and the freedom of all children of Panem. We are not lambs bred to be slaughtered to teach the rest of Panem a lesson about subservience and submission. We are human beings! But am I really that brave? I am sthronger in spirit than many my age and that has got me in to all sorts of trouble so far. Maybe it will be to my advantage now. Katniss pauses and sits down pondering†¦ Maybe this was meant to happen. Maybe it is my task to do what I can to rebel against the insane faulty logic that governs the hearts and minds of the Capitol. I was once so close to accepting Gale’s offer to run off into the woods, to hide away from the rest of the world and live in relative safety out of the prying eyes of the all controlling, all pervasive Capitol. Now I know why that was not my fate. Katniss moves side stage and holds her It could be done! If I play cool and keep my head, I could turn this situation to my advantage. I could try to send a message to all in the Districts that Katniss Everdeen mearns business. She is not going to take this lying down. She is not going to give in to the brutality of the power-hungry Capitol, she is not a pawn to be played with like a rag doll. I must have some skills that I can use to survive this ordeal. The predators may have me in a corner and God knows, I am terrified, but a cornered animal is also a dangerous one. One wrong move, and it will destroy – it has the most to lose. Katniss becomes immobilised by an overwhelming sense of inadequacy What am I talking about? I can’t possibly win. This competition is way beyond my abilities. I am reminded of Gale’s final words to me: â€Å"Katniss – it is just hunting! You’re the best hunter I know. You know how to kill – swiftly and painlessly. † But I don’t want to kill children! It’s just too awful! Katniss runs to centre stage, resolute in her conviction again. But sometimes you have to do what you have to do to begin the long journey towards justice. I will do what I must to begin this war against the Hunger Games. Starting right now. How to cite Hungergames, Papers

Good Ancestors Like Dandelions Essay Example For Students

Good Ancestors Like Dandelions Essay Urban sprawl is not a new phenomenon, and the battle between environmentalists anddevelopers is well-known. But perhaps the issue is not that the land is being utterlystripped of life and replaced by cookie cutter houses or factories, which has been acontroversy for decades. Perhaps the fighting has exposed a deeper problem: theAmerican acceptance of a false outside, seen through lawns that mimic interiors. People often perceive that any green space is nature. As Michael Ventura says,America is form opposed to content (216). Contractors leave some existing trees onlots not because it may be costly to remove them but because those trees also serve asa selling feature for the houses built between. Most people would rather spend theirweekends at an official, regulated and landscaped park rather than hiking through someun-named forest track. While there is the standard human desire for new experiences,people often are only willing to try pre-tested experiences. Even when one realizes thesocietal manipulation, it still seems difficult to jump over the railings and really cut a newSo if people are aware that theyre being led by the nose through a sterile,pre-chewed and mocked-up environment, why dont they respond? Heres why: Peopleare simply cannot deal with vast expanses of nothing. Afterall, it is more or less theAmerican motto to tame the wilderness, to take what the land has to offer and use it tobetter the standard of human living. Just being there, a more Eastern philosophy,seems only a waste of both money and resources to American thinking. The courtsystem has even ruled several times along the lines that a loss of open space amountsto an insignificant impact to dissuade new housing developments (PreservationGroups Lose Favor). The planet alone has been deemed worthless without us, a beliefwhich already ties in nicely with some Western religious rationalization, for the ease ofhuman interface, comfort of use, the accuracy of human perception (Viola 226). Even the National Park Service doesnt seem to seem to be championing theplanet to simply safeguard natural ecospheres (Mission Statement). They state:Government has always had an interest in thedevelopment of American land in a beneficial, efficient,and aesthetically pleasing manner. Since these variablesare highly subjective, land use law, which coversenvironmental takings and zoning issues, are among themost contentious issues facing local, state, and federalThey preserve the land as it is because it will serve them in some function, that of someobscure goal of outside recreation for the people. Our recreation truely is based onre-creation, as Ventura points out (216). The noble act is revealed as a selfish one,something that will ensure their remembrance as good ancestors. They wish to pleaseas many people as possible, marketing the land to satisfy expectations. However, safe, clean and aesthetically-pleasing is not natural nature. Powerfulstorms become natural disasters to our ey es, and weather is judged inclement basedon our perceptions. And those perceptions are not just the normal range of sensesdictated by species, but are directly affected by the environment. The senses areheightened or dulled depending on dangers encountered in daily life, and the more oneis shielded from the environment, the less one is prepared to handle it when it changessuddenly. A person living in a so-called under-developed country more easily acceptslocal phenomena such as sand storms or tsunamis than someone caught off-guardby an earthquake in a city. A resident of Florida posted desperate pleas on the FamilyGardening message board, under the thread of How do I get the sand out of my lawn?HELP! after one particularly heavy rain (Message Posting). The trouble just seems tocome with the territory, yet fifteen concerned replies did follow, explaining just how toremove the foreign matter from the sacred backyard. What is real, Viola suggests, iswhat is psychologically meaningful (229). People now look at the stripped-downecospheres surrounding their dwellings as an extension of their property: something thatArtificial images do not portray reality accurately, as they aspire to be the imageand not the object (Viola 226). We know that crabgrass and dandelions exist, butlawn-owners insist that such defects shouldnt. Lawns are worse than simply aphotographwhich, if manipulated, is still an image. On the other hand, a lawn isactually a three-dimensional space that we can enter, observe from all angles, drive byand judge the proficiency of weed-whacking. The introduction to