Occupational Exposure to Benzene Among Shoemakers And Others Research Paper

Occupational Exposure to Benzene Among Shoemakers And Others - Research Paper Example 2. Benzene overview Benzene is considered an organic chemical compound made up of six carbon atoms joined together in a ring, having one hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom (Lide, 2005). It is considered in the same category as the hydrocarbons which have long been considered toxic to our environment. Benzene is a natural ingredient in crude oil and also considered a petrochemical (Lide, 2005). It is aromatic, colorless, and highly flammable. It is often utilized as a precursor to heavy chemicals like ethylbenzene and cumene (Arnold, et.al., 1958). It has a high octane number, and as such is a major component of gasoline. 2.1 Benzene health risks Benzene increases health risks for acquiring cancer and other diseases. It has been known to cause leukemia because of its negative impact on the bone marrow (Smith, 2010). Based on epidemiological and clinical studies, it has been known to cause aplastic anemia, acute leukemia, and other diseases where affectations of the bone marrow are concerned. Specific blood malignancies indicate that benzene is linked to diseases like acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myleodysplastic syndrome, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (Smith, 2010). As early as 1948, the American Petroleum Institute stated that benzene is a very dangerous compound; the US Department of Health and Human Services has also labeled the compound as a carcinogen and long-term exposure to high levels of this compound in the atmosphere has been known to cause leukemia (American Petroleum Institute, 1948). Moreover, it has long been proven and undisputed that benzene has been known to cause AML and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. The exposure of humans... The above discussion indicates the importance of strictly implementing health regulations in relation to benzene. The pressure is on government enforcement agencies to implement strict monitoring activities on companies using benzene. The above discussion indicates the impact of benzene on general human health and on workers. Benzene is a toxic chemical compound which in its entirety is considered to be a hydrocarbon. It is an additive for various industries, including shoemaking (glue), petroleum industry, as well as other industrial plants. As an additive, it can take on liquid, solid, and gaseous forms, thereby causing various instances of exposure for man. The health risk for this compound is mostly related to the blood marrow functions, and as a result, it is known to cause leukemia and other blood disorders. Studies indicate how many workers, shoemakers, petroleum workers, etc have a high risk for developing leukemia and these studies also indicate that there is indeed a link between leukemia and benzene. At present, the levels of benzene in most products have been reduced, however, a certain percentage of the compound is still present in various chemicals. This is still therefore a major concern because the EPA acknowledges that the only safe level of benzene is zero. It is therefore important for managers to establish occupational safety conditions for their workers to reduce direct exposure or to reduce the benzene components of their raw materials to acceptable and safe levels.

Illustrate ways in which you find that the law satisfies, and fails to Essay

Illustrate ways in which you find that the law satisfies, and fails to satisfy, the ethical principle of justice - Essay Example In most instances, the winners of the cases administered through law may view themselves as the recipients of justice while the losers deem themselves as victims of justice denied. When people feel they have been wronged or offended, there are four types of justice that they can pursue to attain reparation. The four categories of justice are: distributive, restorative, procedural, and retributive justice. The application of law to decide cases acts as a double edge sword where the concept of justice is denied or satisfied. The cases Eldridge v. British Columbia (Attorney General) and Auton (guardian ad litem) v. British Columbia (Attorney General) provide instances where the law satisfies the concept of justice (SCC). The case Chaoulli v. Quebec (Attorney General) evokes a situation where the law appears to fail and succeed in justifying the concept of justice (SCC). Based on these cases, law can either serve to satisfy the concept of justice or fail to deliver same. Individuals may use four categories of law to seek justice. Through distributive, restorative, procedural, and retributive justice people may achieve reparation. Distributive justice bases its roots on the principle of equality and social order. It seeks equality in terms of what people receive from attention to goods and/or services. It provides an avenue for people to seek their fair share of what they believe they deserve. Restorative justice aims at putting things in the way they were before a wrong happened. Restorative justice provides a means for the offended party to seek some form of restitution from the offender. Restorative justice also is referred to as corrective justice where the emphasis is on apology and some form of restitution to correct any damage incurred by the betrayed party. Procedural justice bases its logic on fairness and the concept of fair play. This form of justice looks at showing people that a fair process is used in determining resource allocation. If people find an imbalance in the resources they receive, compared to others, while believing that a fair process was used, they can accept the results of the process. Retributive justice provides an avenue for the offended to seek some sort of revenge on the person who committed a wrong. Retributive justice seeks to see that the offender suffers in a similar way as the person who was offended. In most instances where parties seek justice, the first avenues that they pursue are through distributive and procedural justice. If both distributive and procedural justice fails to satisfy their view of justice, they likely aim at seeking same through retributive or restorative justice. The essential aspect in respect of all these types of justice is for the offended party to attain fairness and equality through the administration of law basing on them. Legislation is used to deliver justice by providing equal rights to all persons involved in a case without discrimination. Law helps to achieve equality thr ough distributive justice where social institutions are to ensure that burdens and benefits become distributed among members of society in a fair and just manner. The law helps to satisfy justice by ensuring that all social institutions distribute benefits and burdens evenly and fairly among their people without any form of discrimination. In the case Eldridge v. British Columbia (Attorney General), the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) ruled in favor of the

Kobe Bryant Essay -- Sports, NBA, A sexual Assault Case

â€Å"The Tainted Record† He has it all: the fame, the fortune, and the fans. Kobe Bryant has anything and everything any living person could want, and as a former NBA champion, he even has arguably more athleticism than most people out there. However, even through his NBA championships and his MVP awards, many people tend to look at Kobe in a very negative way; almost look down on the star for one single occurrence. This may seem harsh, but there is indeed a logical explanation to this seemingly pessimistic attention Kobe always attracts. In 2003, a sexual assault case was filed on Kobe, which would proceed to affect his image forever (â€Å"Bryant, Kobe† 4). Therefore, although he is an extremely talented athlete, Kobe Bryant is a negative influence to aspiring basketball players. Although this negative attention occurred during his NBA career, Bryant did, in fact, have many NBA achievements before this mishap. Firstly, at just 17 years old (â€Å"Kobe Bryant† 1), Kobe managed to become the second youngest player to enter the professional league in NBA history, being the 13th overall pick in the 1996 draft (â€Å"Bryant, Kobe† 1). In mid-1996, Kobe was traded to his now current team, the NBA Lakers, where he would proceed to gain both his glory and his infamy (â€Å"Kobe Bryant† 1). Additionally, Bryant joined the all-star team in just his second season in the league, therefore becoming the single youngest player to be part of the all-star team of all time (â€Å"Bryant, Kobe† 1) at just 19 years old (Kobe at 30--Oh, how the years go by 2). Surprisingly, these achievements would not be the only ones he would acquire. By 2003, Bryant had already captured 3 NBA titles for himself (â€Å"Bryant, Kobe† 1), winning three tit les in a row from 2000 to 2002(K... ...e Bryant’s success, he is unfortunately a negative role model to aspiring basketball players. However, he has it all. Kobe Bryant always is and always will be an NBA legend. He has had and still does have countless fans, and possesses a level of skill which very few could even match. However, despite all of these feats he has achieved and all of the money he has managed to earn, his sexual assault case in 2003 taints this famous star’s record. No matter how it’s observed, Kobe Bryant was permanently affected, which in turn affected many fans’ viewpoints of the star. And although he has made a definite comeback, his past actions are not and will never be forgotten. No matter what he does in the future, the assault case will still be there. Therefore, because of this, Kobe Bryant’s image, no matter how hard he may try, will be damaged, or tainted, forever.

CheckPoint-Audience Analysis and Reception Essay

Communication is the most important key to any relationship, in the business world it is the way to keep the business running smoothly. This is why analyzing the audience is the most important task a writer can perform in order to effectively communicate or present any information to their audience. In this particular scenario, I have been assigned to write a report to the management team at my work place. Therefore it is important for me to analyze all of the characteristics of each of the member of my management team to ensure the effectiveness of my report. Since I will be writing a formal report, I would need to ensure that it is legible, use appropriate wording in order to create the proper business tone in my report. I need to ensure that all information written on my report is accurate. Check that all of my sources are credible and that there won’t be any misunderstanding in the report. The writer’s credibility is an extremely important thing to have; this is why I would have to make sure that all of the data posted on my report is accurate. By doing so it will show the management team that I am trustworthy, reliable and I get the job done correctly. I would also need to think about what would motivate them and interest them in my report. Therefore, I would make sure my report includes facts that would motivate them such as weekly and monthly sales reports, financial gains and productivity. These are all very important points for me to keep in mind when writing the report. If my report was poorly written and not in a business professional tone, would make me look bad in their eyes. Also failing to provide accurate information or present it in a professional way, will affect my credibility greatly. They will not see me as the honest hard worker that I am. They would instead see me as an uncaring person that did not bother to do the research and gather facts to present before them. Also if my report does not contain any information that does not pertain to the management team, I would lose their interest quickly.

The History of Television Essay - 1473 Words

History of television and its influence on people lives. How did television revolutionize the world? TV, more commonly known as ‘television’ is one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. In ancient Greek tà ¨le means ‘far, and in Latin visio means sight. From my perspective and many people of the world television has changed the way we live. Television has brought many amazing things, however nothing is perfect. Television sets were commercially available since the late 1920s but in very small quantities. Since then television had become a bit more common in houses or business institutions because of it’s purposes. Which are entertainment, and news. In the 1950s, television shaped public opinion among citizens. After the†¦show more content†¦It was a breakthrough because it was the first one that would properly work. He demonstrated this by using a Nipkow disk, the disk was segregated into three sections, where each of those sections consisted of a spiral system with holes and them being covered by green, blue and red filter. As the disk would rotate, it would scan an image in all three colors, using all three systems with each turn of the disk this would generate a full colored image. Early electronic television Around 1930, it was seen that mechanical television would never be able to produce a proper quality which could be used for commercials and other programs. An electronic television needs a picture tube this allowed to display the picture and an electronic camera tube was needed in order to capture the image. Philo Farnsworth, produced images on his image dissector camera tube in 1927. However, the image dissector required too much light to be practical for television. One of the first electronic television broadcasting began in England in 1936. This was used for several years as BBC broadcasted 30 line mechanical television, by using the Baird system. As stated above the Baird system used a mechanical camera for filmed programming, and Farnsworth image dissector cameras for live programming. After testing out both system it was an obvious decision for BBC to use the all - electronic. In the united states, they realized the true potential of television. RCA introducedShow MoreRelatedHistory of Television4138 Words   |  17 PagesTHE HISTORY OF TELEVISION The television has become such an integral part of homes in the modern world that it is hard to imagine life without television. The boob tube, as television is also referred to, provides entertainment to people of all ages. Not just for entertainment value, but TV is also a valuable resource for advertising and different kinds of programming. The television as we see it and know it today was not always this way. Let’s take a brief look at the history of television andRead More History of Television Essays764 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Television   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Television has become a major industry all over the world, especially in the industrialized nations, and a major medium of communication and source of home entertainment. Television is used in many industries. A few examples are for surveillance in places inaccessible to or dangerous for human beings, in science for tissue microscopy, and in education. Today you can find a television in almost every home. This is why I decided to research the history of the televisionRead MoreHistory Of Television And The Nba972 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 2015 COMM 201 The History of Television and the NBA The National Basketball Association, or NBA has grown up over the last few decades. Once on the verge of collapse, and unwanted by television, the NBA has rebounded to become quite possibly the most popular league in the nation. It was through television that the league finally established itself as a worthy opponent to Major League Baseball and the National Football League. The NBA got its first television exposure during the 1953-54Read MoreThe History of Television Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesMany Americans today go home and flip on the television, but many do not take the time to think about the complexity of this great invention that is common to us. Nearly sixty years ago television barely existed and was not thought to be used as a broad communicator like it is used in today’s generation. Through its starting, stopping, then restarting in the 1940’s, television took off and expanded greatly in just a few short decades and had great technological breakthroug hs to allow it a widespreadRead MoreA Research About The History Of Television Essay996 Words   |  4 Pages Television History Marwa Mekdashi California State University, Long Beach October 3, 2016 Abstract This study is an in depth research about the history of television. Many people know the history of the lightbulb and who created; however, many people like myself have little to no knowledge about the creator of the television, when it was created, and the purpose of it. This paper will discuss the history of TV, manufacturing companies behind this magical device, consumer profile on theRead MoreThe History Of Community Television In Colombia1194 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity TV in Colombia 1997-2007. Big satellite dishes cover the roofs of several community centers in city neighborhoods and towns in Colombia. Their visibility is a monument of a moment in history in which these devices accelerated the access to international media contents, years before the privatization of television distribution in the country. Images, ideas and practices that surrounded the introduction of these devices lead to a range of larger questions regarding social aspirations and distinctionsRead MoreChanges And Problems Of The History Of Television Advertising1366 Words   |  6 PagesExamine changes and problems in the history of television advertising. Advertising - which can be reduced to ‘ad’ - is classically used to sell a product or service. The very first ad was aired July 1st 1942 in the USA; in the UK the first ad was aired September 22nd 1955 on ITV. In many countries political campaigns exist and are essential but in contrast countries such as Norway and France control or ban such political campaigns. The two core tasks of advertising are to meet broadcast standardsRead MoreHistorical Events Throughout Television History Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesMDIA 202 Television Studies Faith Holloway 300314105 Assignment One: Institutional Essay Recent and historical events throughout television history have demanded a redefinition of the medium in contemporary culture. Throughout its history television has predominantly relied upon industry practices established early in the 1960s, however, the turn of the century has produced such divergence from these practices that some scholars are defining it as an entirely new era of television. Lotz, for exampleRead MoreA History of Product Placement in Film and Television1890 Words   |  8 PagesA History of Product Placement in Film and Television Peter Rush Product placement in the marketing world has become more and more evident in the past few decades. More specifically, product placement in the movie industry has been one of the most successful ways to advertise products. Oftentimes, products are associated with a film, or vice versa. Such is the case with Reese’s Pieces candies and Stephen Spielberg’s film, â€Å"E.T†. While it is a very expensive way of companies to advertiseRead MoreSimilarities Between Black Men And American History X And Television Shows Blacks1745 Words   |  7 Pageshundred year’s people beliefs would have changed a little bit, but the general white public are stuck into believing the common stereotypes commonly portrayed in movies. In films and television shows blacks are almost always portrayed as murderers, robbers, rapists, pretty much anything negative, like American History X, for example. Two black men are shown breaking into a white man’s car. People see this, and in turn believe that all black men will try and steal their car; as stupid as it may

How Theories of Development Influenc Current Practice...

CYP Core unit 3.1 Assessment Criteria 2.3: Theories and Theorists Please write down three key points for each theorist and give an example of how it is put into practice in your setting. SKINNER – Operant Conditioning 1. Skinners theory is based on the idea that learning is a function of change in overt behaviour. 2. Changes in behaviuor are the result of an individuals response to events that occur in the environment. 3. Reinforcement is the key to Skinners theory. A reinforcer is anything that strengthens the desired response Example in Setting: All the children have targets for when they are writing, it might be to use capital letters and finger spaces, when they achieve their target the get to colour in a picture and once†¦show more content†¦VYGOTSKY – Social Development Theory 1. Children learn in stages and need to develop naturally. 2. Social interaction plays a fundamental role in cognitive development. 3. He saw children as apprentices learning and gaining understanding from others. Example in Setting: children learn the word sounds or phonemes and practice these, then they can put them together to make words. Bruner – Modes of Thinking 1. believed that a childs social environment and the way they interact with others was very important in their learning. 2. saw that as a child develops they use different ways of representing the things around them. 3. a child starts by using its body to express themselves, then they draw pictures and finally they use words to describe things and express themselves. Example in Setting: Children start drawing simple pictures but as their vocabulary and knowledge increases they can draw more complex pictures and label them accordingly. MASLOW – Hierarchy of Needs 1. Was a humanist who stated that human motivation is based on people seeking fulfilment and change through personal growth. 2. Believed that the lower level of needs has to be mastered before the others can be achieved. 3. Everyone can reach the top level of needs, but many can not get there due to life experiences Example in Setting: Children need to know the sounds of the letters before they can put them together to make words, once they know the sounds they can put them togetherShow MoreRelated Designing Agile Organisations Essay3297 Words   |  14 Pagesorganisation as a set of individual autonomous co-operating agents so that agenthood of the entire enterprise becomes an emergent property of the organisation. Important questions include: under what condition can agenthood emerge? how to create such an organisation?, and how to guarantee that change preserves agenthood?. Introduction It is increasingly important to devise faster and more reliable ways of designing purposeful, agile organisations (Bernus et al, 1997). We use the definition of theRead MoreAnalyzing Netflix7929 Words   |  32 Pagesportfolio and key figures. In the targeting and positioning part, a possible way of a strategic corporate management is developed, by references on the analysis of Porter’s three generic strategies, Ansoff and Mintzberg. For the final conclusion the current strategy will be investigated and opportunities are shown. Netflix has still some unexploited possibilities to maximize the profit and demonstrate also their market leadership outside the US. Video on demand changes the rules of the game. Instead

Analysis Of The Book Mammoth Like Trucks - 1441 Words

Mammoth-like trucks are followed by miniature cars as they constantly rumble and squeal, spraying detritus into the air. The sidewalks are enveloped in a dust cloud as crowds of people in long overcoats bustle through the street, jostling after another. Pubs and restaurants are scattered along the sides of the concrete pavement while the merry conversations of the people inside are drowned out by the quakes of the people who pass by. A small cafà © sits at the side of the road, housing a single person while the sounds of the entire city pour in through every open crack and window. However, to that one person, the only sounds that matter are the scribbles and scratches of a pen. She is completely absorbed in her work, hunching over it†¦show more content†¦In the book Outliers, sociologist Annette Lareau states that concerted cultivation is a middle class â€Å"parenting style† that attempts to actively â€Å"foster and assess a child’s talents, opinions and skills,† granting the child earlier advantages such as self esteem and additional education (Gladwell 104). In Rowling’s early childhood, she was often encouraged by those around her to write when she first showed an affinity towards writing. Both of Rowling’s parents were very fond of reading, and Rowling remembers that her childhood house was full of books, giving Rowling endless books to read (JK Rowling Biography. , Bibliography). Her grandmother often praised her writing and gave her an autobiography of a female writer by the name of Jessica Mitford, inspiring Rowling to become a writer as well (â€Å"People’s World.†). By having parents who were fond of reading and an environment that gave her unlimited access to books, Rowling was exposed to what would later become her passion early on. Like her parents, Rowling learned to love reading, and her grandmother even encouraged her, pushing Rowling on the path of becoming a writer. As Rowling grew older, she would create stories specifically tailored for each of her friends during lunchtime, all centered around heroic deeds. Her friends were delighted to hear themselves placed into one of Rowling’s stories, and Rowling would constantly think of new and exciting tales in order to please them (J. K. Rowling Biography. -